Forms

Usage#

To use forms with Rasa Open Source you need to make sure that the Rule Policy is added to your policy configuration. For example:

Defining a Form#

Define a form by adding it to the forms section in your domain. The name of the form is also the name of the action which you can use in stories or rules to handle form executions. You also need to define slot mappings for each slot which your form should fill. You can specify one or more slot mappings for each slot to be filled.

The following example form restaurant_form will fill the slot cuisine from an extracted entity cuisine and slot num_people from entity number.

You can define a list of intents to ignore for the whole form under the ignored_intents key. Intents listed under ignored_intents will be added to the not_intent key of each slot mapping in the form.

For example, if you do not want any of the required slots of a form to be filled when the intent is chitchat, then you would need to define the following (after the form name and under the ignored_intents keyword):

Once the form action gets called for the first time, the form gets activated and will prompt the user for the next required slot value. It does this by looking for a response called utter_ask_<form_name>_<slot_name> or utter_ask_<slot_name> if the former isn't found. Make sure to define these responses in your domain file for each required slot.

Activating a Form#

To activate a form you need to add a story or rule, which describes when the assistant should run the form. In the case a specific intent triggering a form, you can for example use the following rule:

Deactivating a Form#

A form will automatically deactivate itself once all required slots are filled. You can describe your assistant's behavior for the end of a form with a rule or a story. If you don't add an applicable story or rule, the assistant will automatically listen for the next user message after the form is finished. The following example runs the utterance utter_all_slots_filled as soon as the form your_form filled all required slots.

Users might want to break out of a form early. Please see Writing Stories / Rules for Unhappy Form Paths on how to write stories or rules for this case.

Slot Mappings#

Rasa Open Source comes with four predefined mappings to fill the slots of a form based on the latest user message. Please see Custom Slot Mappings if you need a custom function to extract the required information.

from_entity#

The from_entity mapping fills slots based on extracted entities. It will look for an entity called entity_name to fill a slot slot_name. If intent_name is None, the slot will be filled regardless of intent name. Otherwise, the slot will only be filled if the user's intent is intent_name.

If role_name and/or group_name are provided, the role/group label of the entity also needs to match the given values. The slot mapping will not apply if the intent of the message is excluded_intent. Note that you can also define lists of intents for the parameters intent and not_intent.

In from_entity mapping, when an extracted entity uniquely maps onto a slot, the slot will be filled even if this slot wasn't requested by the form. The extracted entity will be ignored if the mapping is not unique.

In the example above, an entity date uniquely sets the slot arrival_date, an entity city with a role from uniquely sets the slot departure_city and an entity city with a role to uniquely sets the slot arrival_city, therefore they can be used to fit corresponding slots even if these slots were not requested. However, entity city without a role can fill both departure_city and arrival_city slots, depending which one is requested, so if an entity city is extracted when slot arrival_date is requested, it'll be ignored by the form.

from_text#

The from_text mapping will use the text of the next user utterance to fill the slot slot_name. If intent_name is None, the slot will be filled regardless of intent name. Otherwise, the slot will only be filled if the user's intent is intent_name.

The slot mapping will not apply if the intent of the message is excluded_intent. Note that you can define lists of intents for the parameters intent and not_intent.

from_intent#

The from_intent mapping will fill slot slot_name with value my_value if user intent is intent_name or None. The slot mapping will not apply if the intent of the message is excluded_intent. Note that you can also define lists of intents for the parameters intent and not_intent.

from_trigger_intent#

The from_trigger_intent mapping will fill slot slot_name with value my_value if the form was activated by a user message with intent intent_name. The slot mapping will not apply if the intent of the message is excluded_intent. Note that you can also define lists of intents for the parameters intent and not_intent.

Writing Stories / Rules for Unhappy Form Paths#

Your users will not always respond with the information you ask of them. Typically, users will ask questions, make chitchat, change their mind, or otherwise stray from the happy path.

While a form is active, if a user's input does not fill the requested slot, the execution of the form action will be rejected i.e. the form will automatically raise an ActionExecutionRejection. These are the specific scenarios in which a form will raise an ActionExecutionRejection:

• a slot was requested, but the user didn't fill the slot with their last message and you didn't define a custom action for validating slots or extracting slots.
• a slot was requested, but your custom action for validating slots or extracting slots didn't return any SlotSet events.

To intentionally reject the form execution, you can also return an ActionExecutionRejected event as part of your custom validations or slot mappings.

To handle situations that might cause a form's execution to be rejected, you can write rules or stories that include the expected interruptions. For example, if you expect your users to chitchat with your bot, you could add a rule to handle this:

In some situations, users may change their mind in the middle of the form action and decide not to go forward with their initial request. In cases like this, the assistant should stop asking for the requested slots.

You can handle such situations gracefully using a default action action_deactivate_loop which will deactivate the form and reset the requested slot. An example story of such conversation could look as follows:

It is strongly recommended that you build these rules or stories using interactive learning. If you write these rules / stories by hand you will likely miss important things.

Advanced Usage#

Forms are fully customizable using Custom Actions.

Validating Form Input#

After extracting a slot value from user input, you can validate the extracted slots. By default Rasa Open Source only validates if any slot was filled after requesting a slot.

You can implement a Custom Action validate_<form_name> to validate any extracted slots. Make sure to add this action to the actions section of your domain:

When the form is executed it will run your custom action.

This custom action can extend FormValidationAction class to simplify the process of validating extracted slots. In this case, you need to write functions named validate_<slot_name> for every extracted slot.

The following example shows the implementation of a custom action which validates that the slot named cuisine is valid.

You can also extend the Action class and retrieve extracted slots with tracker.slots_to_validate to fully customize the validation process.

Custom Slot Mappings#

If none of the predefined Slot Mappings fit your use case, you can use the Custom Action validate_<form_name> to write your own extraction code. Rasa Open Source will trigger this action when the form is run.

If you're using the Rasa SDK we recommend you to extend the provided FormValidationAction. When using the FormValidationAction, three steps are required to extract customs slots:

1. Define a method extract_<slot_name> for every slot that should be mapped in a custom way.
2. Make sure that in the domain file you list for your form only those slots that use predefined mappings.
3. Override required_slots to add all slots with custom mappings to the list of slots the form should request.

The following example shows the implementation of a form which extracts a slot outdoor_seating in a custom way, in addition to the slots which use predefined mappings. The method extract_outdoor_seating sets the slot outdoor_seating based on whether the keyword outdoor was present in the last user message.

By default the FormValidationAction will automatically set the requested_slot to the first slot specified in required_slots which is not filled.

Dynamic Form Behavior#

By default Rasa Open Source will ask for the next empty slot from the slots listed for your form in the domain file. If you use custom slot mappings and the FormValidationAction, it will ask for the first empty slot returned by the required_slots method. If all slots in required_slots are filled the form will be be deactivated.

If needed, you can update the required slots of your form dynamically. This is, for example, useful when you need further details based on how a previous slot was filled or you want to change the order in which slots are requested.

If you are using the Rasa SDK, we recommend you to use the FormValidationAction and override required_slots to fit your dynamic behavior. You should implement a method extract_<slot name> for every slot which doesn't use a predefined mapping, as described in Custom Slot Mappings. The example below will ask the user if they want to sit in the shade or in the sun in case they said they want to sit outside.

The requested_slot slot#

The slot requested_slot is automatically added to the domain as a slot of type text. The value of the requested_slot will be ignored during conversations. If you want to change this behavior, you need to add the requested_slot to your domain file as a categorical slot with influence_conversation set to true. You might want to do this if you want to handle your unhappy paths differently, depending on what slot is currently being asked from the user. For example, if your users respond to one of the bot's questions with another question, like why do you need to know that? The response to this explain intent depends on where we are in the story. In the restaurant case, your stories would look something like this:

Again, it is strongly recommended that you use interactive learning to build these stories.

Using a Custom Action to Ask For the Next Slot#

As soon as the form determines which slot has to be filled next by the user, it will execute the action utter_ask_<form_name>_<slot_name> or utter_ask_<slot_name> to ask the user to provide the necessary information. If a regular utterance is not enough, you can also use a custom action action_ask_<form_name>_<slot_name> or action_ask_<slot_name> to ask for the next slot.